Strata classification approval by competent authority.Stacking suitable material for backfilling to avoid double handling.Disposal of unsuitable material for filling.Recording initial ground level and check size of bottom.The excess or unwanted material should immediately be carried away and disposed off by employing any of the following methods. Select and stack the required material in such a place that it should not obstruct other construction activities. As far as possible try to carry excavation and filling simultaneously to avoid double handling. Similarly, outer lines of the foundation trench of each cross walls and are set out.Įstimate the excavated stuff to be re-utilized in filling, gardening, preparing roads, etc. A right angle can be formed by forming 3, 4 and 5 triangles.
The center lines of other walls are marked perpendicular to the longer walls. The boundary is marked with the lime powder. The centerline of the longest outer wall of the building is marked on the ground by stretching a string between wooden or mild steel pegs.Įach peg may be projected about 25 to 50 mm from the ground level and 2m from the edge of the excavation. on the ground before the excavation is started. Setting out or ground tracing is the process of laying down the excavation lines and center lines etc. 1.5m in general and 3.5 m in black cotton soils.įig: Earthwork in Excavation by using hydraulic Excavator.For adjacent footings with clear spacing less than twice the width (i.e.) one and half times the length.For Isolated footing the depth to be one and half times the width of the foundation.The excavation and depth is decided according to the following guidelines in the site.
BED OF UNDISTURBED EARTH OR COMPACTION SAND BACKFILL TRIAL
The extent of soil and rock strata is found by making trial pits in the construction site.
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